Costovertebral Joint Sprain

The costovertebral joint connects the spinal vertebrae to the ribs. Extreme or repeated force on the rib cage and spine can provoke injury to this joint, tearing connective tissue or affecting the cartilage.

Symptoms

Sudden pain in the upper back and ribs which can either strike at the moment of injury, i.e. during an activity, or afterwards, such as the following morning. Occasionally this pain can spread into the shoulder blades, upper arms or the chest area. Rigidity in the spinal or rib area is also common. You may experience some muscle spasms near to the costovertebral joint. Most symptoms are likely to occur along one side of the ribcage and spine. These symptoms, especially pain, can often be worsened with physical activity such as bending, lifting or twisting, and also during sneezing or coughing.

Causes

The injury can be caused due to prolonged wear on the costovertebral joint, particularly due to overuse. Repetitive bending or twisting motions, backward arching movements, or heavy lifting can all lead to this condition. This is more likely if the relevant muscles and structures in the back are not fully strengthened, for example due to a lack of warm ups or from overestimating your ability to carry out extensive strenuous activities. These same movements can also cause the injury following a single traumatic incident. Incorrect technique, such as during lifting, can contribute towards injury in these instances.

Treatment

A doctor will use a physical examination and any necessary scans to diagnose the injury and make sure that no more serious spinal injuries are present. Generally the costovertebral joint sprain heals in a short amount of time if the injured party takes appropriate steps to ensure that they rest from any potentially damaging activity until all pain and other symptoms have gone. Taking regular showers or baths can also be beneficial, as can using anti-inflammatory pain medication (e.g. ibuprofen) to relieve symptoms and potentially quicken the healing time. While the injury recovers it is important to keep correct posture in order to lessen any strain on the injured joint. Sometimes a doctor might fit you with a brace for this purpose.

Physical Therapy and Recovery

Ask about suitable exercises that will maintain motion and combat stiffness in the back without causing any pain; these should be undertaken as early as the doctor recommends. After the symptoms have ceased you should make a responsible and gradual return to regular activity, preferably with the assistance of a physical therapy program. This can help you to stretch and strengthen important muscles. Full recovery time varies but can take on average between 1 and 3 weeks. However, it is crucial to note that tissue recover takes longer – around 6 weeks – so returning to activity should be incremental.

Prevention

Maintain good posture as much as possible. Avoid the trappings of overuse by training responsibly and stretching and strengthening important muscle groups. Do not exercise when your muscles are weak, and always warm up before activity. Learn the correct techniques for all of your activities if applicable; this is especially important for lifting, where bad technique can be very damaging. If possible, try to limit the amount of repetitive bending and twisting work that your spine needs to carry out.

For more details please contact:

Dr. Prateek Gupta (Senior Surgeon)

Arthroscopy Surgery Clinic

C2/5 Safdarjung Development Area (SDA),

Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016

INDIA

Telephones: +91 9810852876, +91 11 26517776

24 x 7 Helpline & Appointment: +91 9810633876

Email: sportsmedicinedelhi@yahoo.com,

sportsmedicineclinics@gmail.com

Website: http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com/arthroscopy.htm,

http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com,

http://www.arthroscopysurgeryindia.com

Costochondritis

Costochondritis arises when the cartilage linking each rib to the sternum becomes inflamed. It is a very common chest condition, especially in young adults, which can sometimes result from trauma to the chest that can be sustained during sports activities.

Symptoms

The primary symptom will be chest pain; gently pressing on the cartilage over the ribcage using your fingers should replicate this pain, which is often most prominent around the highest two or three ribs. Other movements and involuntary actions like sneezing or coughing can cause the pain to flare up. Occasionally this stinging can spread to the arm. It is worth remembering that chest pain can point to many different problems including serious heart conditions and should always be checked by a doctor.

Causes

Costochondritis has many potential causes, and in some cases it is not clear precisely what may have lead to the condition. However there are certain recurring factors which point to probable causes. One of these is sustaining repeated injuries to the chest from hard blows during physical activities. Such trauma, which can arise during contact sports as a result of collisions, or in other activities due to a projectile like a cricket ball, can significantly increase the chances of costochondritis. Other frequent strain to the ribcage can also be a contributing factor, as can chest infections, whether respiratory, fungal or bacterial. The chest is particularly susceptible to infection following chest surgery.

Distinction from Tietze's Syndrome

The condition is often confused with Tietze's syndrome, but the two can be distinguished. Unlike costochondritis, the pain of Tietze's syndrome is accompanied by swelling in the area. Also the chest pain will strike suddenly, regularly moving to the arms and shoulders, and lasts considerably longer than costochondritis.

Treatment and Management

Although costochondritis itself should not cause you any major trouble apart from a period of pain, it is important to consult a doctor so that they can make sure that you are suffering from this condition and not a heart or other chest problem. Heart disease, for instance, can cause similar chest pains. Having ascertained that your condition is costochondritis, however, they are likely to inform you that it should heal without any medical treatment. In the meantime you should rest from any activities which could aggravate the injury, such as participating in contact sports or activities requiring vigorous chest motions. To manage the symptoms you should take ordinary pain medication, checking with the doctor if you are unsure; anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen is effective.

If the pain has not diminished within a few weeks then it is worth seeing the doctor again to update them. Report any new symptoms or greater pains you have experienced in case the original diagnosis was incorrect or needs to be modified. They may conduct a series of tests to search for other possible chest conditions.

For more details please contact:

Dr. Prateek Gupta (Senior Surgeon)

Arthroscopy Surgery Clinic

C2/5 Safdarjung Development Area (SDA),

Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016

INDIA

Telephones: +91 9810852876, +91 11 26517776

24 x 7 Helpline & Appointment: +91 9810633876

Email: sportsmedicinedelhi@yahoo.com,

sportsmedicineclinics@gmail.com

Website: http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com/arthroscopy.htm,

http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com,

http://www.arthroscopysurgeryindia.com

Chronic Wrist Pain

Wrist pain is very common in athletes and can often be treated at home without assistance from a doctor, but if the pain becomes overbearing and chronic then there may be a greater problem causing the injury. Problems arise in the wrist because it is intricately comprised of eight bones which are attached to the hand and forearm by ligaments, with muscles and tendons also in the area. If any of these components are injured this can lead to wrist pain.

Symptoms

Obviously the primary symptom will be pain that either comes and goes or continues without stopping. However, the pain will feel different depending on the exact cause of the injury and where the pain is found. For example, wrist pain associated with tendinitis provokes an intense pain that keeps jabbing at you, while osteoarthritis wrist pain may ache less intensely but continually. The pain may also radiate into your palm, fingers, or up to the elbow depending on the cause. Other common symptoms include numbness or a ‘pins and needles’ feeling in the wrist, hand or finger, bruising or inflammation, and weakness in the thumb that reduces your gripping ability. Other functions of the hand can also become painful and difficult to achieve. If the wrist pain is linked to ligament damage then the pain might only occur during physical activity.

Causes

Pre-existing or long term difficulties can lead to cause chronic wrist pain. Repetitive wrist motions carried out over a long period can result in tissue inflammation or a stress fracture due to continued strain. This can occur in sports including tennis, golf, gymnastics, and many more activities that rely on the wrist.

Complications from osteoarthritis are relatively rare in the wrist but can arise in older people with a history of wrist injuries. This often manifests in pain at the base of the thumb. Prior wrist breaks or tendinitis can increase the risk of developing chronic pain. Other conditions that can contribute to chronic wrist pain include carpal tunnel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, ganglion cysts, and Kienbock’s disease.

Treatment

You should see a doctor if the pain is major or continues for a number of days, and particularly if it gets gradually worse. If the injury does require medical treatment then the longer it goes unexamined the slower and less successful the healing may be. A doctor will try to find out the cause of the injury as soon as possible through examining the wrist, asking about your symptoms, and ordering any necessary tests. Treatment will depend on the specifics of the injury. Sometimes a period of rest can be sufficient in conjunction with pain medication like ibuprofen or acetaminophen (or stronger remedies if needed). However, for injuries involving torn ligaments or tendons, broken bones, or those associated with a condition like carpal tunnel syndrome, surgery might be the best option.

Recovery

For many injuries a cast or splint is used during the recovery process in order to facilitate successful healing. When the wrist has recovered and the symptoms have gone, a program of appropriate exercise can help to gradually restore full movement and strength to the area.

For more details please contact:

Dr. Prateek Gupta (Senior Surgeon)

Arthroscopy Surgery Clinic

C2/5 Safdarjung Development Area (SDA),

Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016

INDIA

Telephones: +91 9810852876, +91 11 26517776

24 x 7 Helpline & Appointment: +91 9810633876

Email: sportsmedicinedelhi@yahoo.com,

sportsmedicineclinics@gmail.com

Website: http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com/arthroscopy.htm,

http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com,

http://www.arthroscopysurgeryindia.com

Carpal Bones Fractures

There are eight carpal bones in the wrist. They can become fractured during sports activities or through other accidents.

Symptoms of Carpal Bones Fractures

A sudden onset of pain occurring in the wrist after a falling accident or direct blow to the area. The pain will usually become more intense when moving the wrist. However, the pain is regularly not reported to a doctor at an early stage due to the minor symptoms, which are interpreted as an unserious result of an incident (e.g. sprained wrist). This can mean that an athlete only seeks treatment when the symptoms have begun to worsen along with the injury, which can lead to a longer recovery process and possible complications. Therefore it is a good idea to see a doctor when experiencing any wrist pain after trauma.

Causes of Carpal Bones Fractures

Carpal bone fractures are usually provoked by a single traumatic incident such as a fall. Falling onto an outstretched hand can prove particularly damaging to the wrist, though falling directly onto the wrist or the back of the hand can also cause a fracture. A hard blow to the wrist is another cause, most often occurring during high speed contact sports or from a projectile (e.g. a ball, bat or club) in many activities.

Medical Treatment for Carpal Bones Fractures

The doctor will be able to perform a physical exam and take an x-ray to find the site of the injury and isolate the fractured carpal bone. X-rays sometimes miss fractures when they have first arisen, so a clear x-ray might be repeated within two weeks in order to make sure there is no fracture. Treatment will depend on the specific injury, but can involve placing the injured wrist in a plaster cast or other suitable method for immobilisation. This helps to prevent the wrist from performing any potentially damaging manoeuvres and allows the fracture time to heal. To this end you should rest as much as possible and refrain from any physical activities or sharp arm movements that could accidentally injure the wrist and impede your recovery.

Some serious carpal fractures require the doctor to perform a reduction soon after the injury is sustained. Surgery can also be necessary, although this is usually reserved for major fractures. Following surgery or during conservative treatment, the doctor may prescribe an analgesic to relieve pain.

Recovery of Carpal Bones Fractures

Your recovery time will depend on the severity of the fracture and how quickly it was treated. For instance, a navicular bone fracture can be particularly troublesome if not caught immediately because of the bone's poor blood supply. This does not facilitate swift or simple healing. A doctor can give you a timescale and allow you to begin a gentle fitness program after the symptoms have diminished. At first this will not primarily involve the wrist; activities like jogging and cycling are used to maintain your fitness level. After your cast has been removed, arm and hand exercises will seek to strengthen the areas so that the injury is less likely to reoccur. From this point it will still be one or two months before sports dependent on stress to the hand and wrist (such as boxing) can be safely attempted.

For more details please contact:

Dr. Prateek Gupta (Senior Surgeon)

Arthroscopy Surgery Clinic

C2/5 Safdarjung Development Area (SDA),

Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016

INDIA

Telephones: +91 9810852876, +91 11 26517776

24 x 7 Helpline & Appointment: +91 9810633876

Email: sportsmedicinedelhi@yahoo.com,

sportsmedicineclinics@gmail.com

Website: http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com/arthroscopy.htm,

http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com,

http://www.arthroscopysurgeryindia.com

Calf Strain

The calf muscles have to work hard during various sports activities, especially running. Calf strain usually results from tearing (or pulling) one of these muscles.

Symptoms

Sudden pain during activity, which may be experienced as sharp and severe or as an ache. The affected area may be inflamed or bruised depending on the condition's seriousness. Lesser pain might continue for several days and be accompanied by tightness in the calf. In the event of a minor injury, the athlete may feel they can continue the activity (though this is not recommended). This is likely to be diagnosed as a Grade 1 injury in terms of strain severity, with only tiny muscle tears. (There are also more minor injuries with no apparent tearing.)

Grade 2 tears are characterised by greater bruising or swelling, a longer period of pain continuation, and will impede the sufferer's walking ability. Healing can take up to 2 months.

A Grade 3 strain involves a total rupture or tearing of a muscle, with the most chronic pain and a possible 3 to 4 months for recovery. In addition to the above Grade 1 and 2 symptoms it will probably feel impossible to contract the muscle.

Causes

Overpronation of the foot can lead to calf strain. This is caused by faulty biomechanics making the feet roll inwards, placing excessive pressure on the calf muscles. Insufficient warm ups before exercise can also leave the muscles vulnerable, as can training when the muscles are fatigued or weakened. Other common causes include dehydration, an overuse of hills or uneven surfaces for running, and partaking in activities with many rapid changes in direction.

Treatment

You should begin to rest your calf immediately. Try to elevate it initially to combat inflammation, and ice the area using an ice pack. Anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen may also help but first check with your doctor. Stretch gently to maintain flexibility without exacerbating the pain, and do not participate in high-impact activities until the pain is gone. Swimming can be a low-impact alternative. As the pain lessens you should increase the intensity of your stretching andstrengthening exercises with guidance from a doctor. Massage can be beneficial, and you can do this yourself or with assistance. You should see your doctor as soon as possible to diagnose the injury's severity and receive any necessary medical attention. In rare cases surgery may be necessary.

Prevention

Straining the calf once puts you at greater risk of doing so again. Therefore it is important not to return to strenuous activity until a medical professional is satisfied or until your pain and swelling has ceased. Jogging and running should not cause you pain. If your injury was associated to overpronation, purchase the relevant insoles or other footwear to correct the problem. Shock absorbent shoes are preferable for many athletes as they reduce stress on the calf muscles. Regular stretching will increase power and balance in the muscles throughout the legs, and always warm up effectively, take suitable breaks during activity, and drink plenty of water.

For more details please contact:

Dr. Prateek Gupta (Senior Surgeon)

Arthroscopy Surgery Clinic

C2/5 Safdarjung Development Area (SDA),

Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016

INDIA

Telephones: +91 9810852876, +91 11 26517776

24 x 7 Helpline & Appointment: +91 9810633876

Email: sportsmedicinedelhi@yahoo.com,

sportsmedicineclinics@gmail.com

Website: http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com/arthroscopy.htm,

http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com,

http://www.arthroscopysurgeryindia.com

Calcaneus Fracture

A calcaneus fracture is a common foot injury resulting from a single incident or due to overuse. The calcaneus bone is the large heel bone at the rear of the foot, and stress fractures of varying severity can arise in the bone, particularly in long distance runners.

Symptoms of a Calcaneus Fracture

Intense and acute pain occurring in the heel is the most prominent symptom; it can emerge and worsen gradually. The pain is usually more intense during weight bearing physical activities, and can be provoked by gently squeezing both sides of the back of the injured heel. There may be accompanying inflammation or bruising in the area. It can often be very difficult to perform regular movements of the foot or ankle; the motions are restricted by the fracture and the severe pain. In the case of a major fracture you might see a noticeable bone deformity resulting from an open fracture: this will involve part of the bone being visible through the skin.

Causes of Calcaneus Fracture

Most commonly a calcaneus fracture is caused by a single traumatic blow or other impact to the heel. This can occur during sports, especially high speed activities that use projectiles or hard bats or sticks, such as tennis, rugby or hockey. Sports in which falling or collisions are likely can also provoke the injury, such as contact sports like football or those involving jumping such as basketball. The other primary cause of such fractures is overuse, especially in track disciplines like jumping and long distance running. Repetitive actions incrementally wear down the bone over time, and factors contributing to this include inadequate warm ups, faulty stretching techniques, or simply overdoing certain physical activities beyond the limits of one's body and fitness level. Outside of sport it is regularly found in soldiers due to their repetitive marching.

Treatment for Calcaneus Fracture

It is important to see a doctor immediately, though less obvious stress fractures are known to sometimes not show up in x-rays at first. In cases of open fractures, surgical intervention is nearly always a necessity, with the bones needing realignment and sometimes a fitting of a metal plate. Less severe, more common calcaneus fractures might only require a strict regime of conservative and home treatment, but please check with a professional. They may fit you with a cast for up to 2 months in order to keep the leg immobilised, and prescribe anti-inflammatory pain medication to reduce the symptoms. Crutches are often implemented to avoid weight bearing. Resting the bone is crucial.

Rehabilitation from Calcaneus Fracture

When the doctor allows the removal of the cast, they might recommend a program of physical therapy to help build up strength and movement in the healing leg. Before returning to any sports or other activities using the leg you must stretch and strengthen the surrounding muscles until they are in good condition; this assis

For more details please contact:

Dr. Prateek Gupta (Senior Surgeon)

Arthroscopy Surgery Clinic

C2/5 Safdarjung Development Area (SDA),

Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016

INDIA

Telephones: +91 9810852876, +91 11 26517776

24 x 7 Helpline & Appointment: +91 9810633876

Email: sportsmedicinedelhi@yahoo.com,

sportsmedicineclinics@gmail.com

Website: http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com/arthroscopy.htm,

http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com,

http://www.arthroscopysurgeryindia.com

Biceps Tendon Tears

The biceps are found on the inner sides of your upper arms, and are the muscles that people often flex with upturned arms. Three tendons link the biceps muscle to the nearby bone, with two attachments on the upper part of the muscle close to the shoulder joint and the distal attachment found near to the elbow. The tendons at the head of the biceps affect shoulder motions, while the latter tendon is used for bending and flexing at the elbow joint.

Symptoms of Biceps Tendon Tear

The symptoms can vary from case to case depending on the location and intensity of the injury. Often a 'popping' sound may be heard when the injury strikes, followed by pain around the shoulders or arms. The pain might come and go, and it is not often extreme, but it is likely to increase with physical activity. If the tear occurs at the 'long head' (the proximal biceps tendon) in the upper biceps, the shoulders can become noticeably sore. Distal tendon tears are regularly characterised by a bulging lump or bump in the upper arm, due to the chaotic loosening and contracting caused by the tear. Any of these symptoms should be taken seriously and reported to a qualified doctor.

Causes of Biceps Tendon Tear

Biceps tendon tears are generally caused over a long period of time due to progressive degeneration in the tendon. For this reason the injury often arises in athletes over the age of 40, though this is by no means assured and many younger people sustain a biceps tendon tear. When the tendon wears down over time, this is mostly caused by repetitive stress to the area. This can occur because an athlete continually participates in an activity that requires repeated movements, and the degenerative process can also be worsened with overuse practices such as exercising for too long or without sufficient stretching. In younger athletes a tear can be caused by a single incident in which great pressure is applied to the tendon, such as in football, rugby, weightlifting or snowboarding.

Treatment for Biceps Tendon Tear

Consult a doctor so that they can recommend appropriate treatment based on the particular tear. Conservative treatment is common for tears at the upper end of the biceps, partly because there are two upper tendon attachments and therefore loss does not lead to a reduction in arm movement. Treatment in this case focuses on rest and staying away from stressful activity while the tendon heals. Pain medication and icing the area can help to combat pain and swelling. However, younger sufferers might require surgery if they are very active.

Distal tendon tears are more likely to necessitate surgery because there is one attachment at the lower end of the biceps, meaning greater potential damage and loss of functionality in the shoulders or arms.

Rehabilitation of Biceps Tendon Tear

Recovery can involve a gradual period of physical therapy to help rejuvenate the rested muscles and tendons both in movement and strength. This program of stretching and strengthening ensures that you are healthier and far less prone to repeat the injury when you make a full return to physical activity.

For more details please contact:

Dr. Prateek Gupta (Senior Surgeon)

Arthroscopy Surgery Clinic

C2/5 Safdarjung Development Area (SDA),

Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016

INDIA

Telephones: +91 9810852876, +91 11 26517776

24 x 7 Helpline & Appointment: +91 9810633876

Email: sportsmedicinedelhi@yahoo.com,

sportsmedicineclinics@gmail.com

Website: http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com/arthroscopy.htm,

http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com,

http://www.arthroscopysurgeryindia.com

Baker's Cyst

A Baker's cyst (or popliteal cyst) arises on the back of the knee and is associated with an abundance of synovial fluid overstretching the joint capsule. It is thought to affect a significant amount of people who are suffering from another knee condition.

Symptoms

A Baker's cyst is regularly asymptomatic aside from the noticeable lump or bump behind the knee (though sometimes even the bump is small enough to avoid detection). The lump will generally feel like a sphere the size of a golf ball filled with liquid, and is unlikely to be sore or painful to the touch. However, in some cases the cyst may affect movement of the knee joint, such as leg bending and straightening. Such motions might begin to become harder to achieve, with the joint seeming inflexible, or they might simply be accompanied by pain caused by the cyst's interaction with the movement. Aching might be present after exercising, along with a pressure at the back of the knee.

The cyst can become ruptured, either naturally, by accident or due to unsuitable intervention such as excessive squeezing or pricking the cyst with a needle. If this occurs then the fluid previously contained within the cyst might flow along the leg. Possible symptoms are analogous to those of a deep vein thrombosis and include bruises, redness, calf inflammation and pain.

Causes

Any knee injuries sustained around the same time period as the Baker's cyst can involve considerable swelling and thus provoke the condition. In sports, knee injuries are often caused by sudden hard impacts, whether this is from a ball, bat or projectile, a tackle or strike from a fellow competitor, or the result of a falling accident. Osteoarthritis and other forms of arthritis are particularly common causes of the cyst for older sportsmen and women, while the same is true for tearing of the meniscus cartilage in young athletes. Baker's cysts are most widespread in young children and middle-aged adults.

Medical Treatment

Due to the probability of the cyst being caused by an existing injury, it is important to consult a doctor to check for other conditions and receive appropriate treatment. Meanwhile the Baker's cyst is relatively likely to heal itself with little intervention. A doctor might drain its fluid. You should rest from any activity that causes aching or worsens the cyst until it disappears. Some cases will require surgery or other medical treatment due to an associated condition or the severity of the cyst. This may put you out of action for up to 3 months. Cysts can occasionally reappear.

Please note that a lump on the rear of your knee is not guaranteed to be a Baker's cyst, and should always be examined by a doctor to assess whether it is a more serious condition such as a tumour.

For more details please contact:

Dr. Prateek Gupta (Senior Surgeon)

Arthroscopy Surgery Clinic

C2/5 Safdarjung Development Area (SDA),

Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016

INDIA

Telephones: +91 9810852876, +91 11 26517776

24 x 7 Helpline & Appointment: +91 9810633876

Email: sportsmedicinedelhi@yahoo.com,

sportsmedicineclinics@gmail.com

Website: http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com/arthroscopy.htm,

http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com,

http://www.arthroscopysurgeryindia.com

Back Pain

A majority of people suffer from back pain at some point. Much of this pain is manageable and heals in a short time with appropriate treatment and rest, while sometimes it can point to a more serious condition.

Causes

Due to the complex nature of the back, comprised of many parts important to its daily functioning, there can be a wide range of causes for back pain. In cases of mild or moderate pain that should heal without much medical attention, failures common to sports injuries can provoke the problem. The most common is a pulled muscle caused by lifting heavy weights or using an abrupt motion. The likelihood of such a sprain is increased with incorrect lifting technique or lack of stretching the relevant muscles before activity. Weak or fatigued back muscles or ligaments are also more prone to injury, resulting from exercising beyond reasonability whether by excessive length of training or taking on too much pressure.

Common Conditions

If the pain is more prolonged or serious then it may indicate an underlying problem. Herniated discs in the spine can cause pressure on your nerves, though disc conditions regularly present as asymptomatic. Back pain accompanied by sharp leg pain can also suggest this injury. Other causes of back pain include osteoarthritis, particularly affecting the lower back, compression fractures in a vertebra, or structural abnormalities in the curve of the spine. Warmness in the back and an associated fever suggests a spinal infection. In rare instances a cancerous tumour can cause the pain.

Treatment

Minor and moderate pain often gets better in weeks, however if there is no change in the pain's severity within 3 days of self-treatment it is important to consult a medical professional. Also see a doctor if your pain is chronic, interferes with sleeping, affects a leg, provokes sudden changes in weight or bowel movements, or appears to be the result of an accident. A doctor will conduct a physical exam to ascertain the cause of the pain.

The doctor can also suggest suitable activities and self-treatment, and recommend anti-inflammatory pain medication such as ibuprofen. You should rest for a day or two, supplemented by periods of walking. Maintaining a careful training routine is more beneficial than prolonged rest in order to keep joints flexible and muscles strong. Use a heating pad or take a shower every few hours, and try icing the affected area. Seek advice on specific stretches for your back.

Severe pain lasting over 3 months may necessitate visiting a therapist who can help you to manage your pain and mind against the pressure of the injury. At this point you should also see the doctor again. Surgery is rare and usually unnecessary but may be implemented as a last resort in certain cases.

Prevention

Stretching and strengthening your back, especially through regular swimming or walking, increases its resistance against pressure and strain. Exercising leg, back and abdominal muscles all contributes to a healthy structure to complement your back. Practice suitable lifting techniques, using your legs, bending your knees and maintaining a straight spine. Try not to stand or sit at awkward angles. Smokers should quit; the habit adversely affects blood circulation, can make your pain seem worse and can lead to osteoporosis.

For more details please contact:

Dr. Prateek Gupta (Senior Surgeon)

Arthroscopy Surgery Clinic

C2/5 Safdarjung Development Area (SDA),

Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016

INDIA

Telephones: +91 9810852876, +91 11 26517776

24 x 7 Helpline & Appointment: +91 9810633876

Email: sportsmedicinedelhi@yahoo.com,

sportsmedicineclinics@gmail.com

Website: http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com/arthroscopy.htm,

http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com,

http://www.arthroscopysurgeryindia.com

Avulsion Fracture of Ischial Tuberosity

The ischium is the sturdiest bone of the pelvis, extending to the buttock where you can feel the bone like a bump. This section of the ischium is known as the ischial tuberosity, to which the hamstring muscles connect.

Symptoms

Sharp pain in the groin or buttock areas which can be chronic. This can feel debilitating, with sitting down becoming impossible without great pain and walking also being impaired. Joggers or runners may find that they cannot run. A lot of this is a result of the fracture weakening the hamstring muscles. The area around the fracture can become inflamed and will feel tender when touched. Moving the legs under weight or other pressure can be significantly difficult. The symptoms will be worse the longer the injury has gone undiagnosed (or in some cases been misdiagnosed).

Causes

These kinds of fractures are provoked due to abrupt hamstring movements that excessively stretch or contract the muscle and thus place inordinate strain on the ischial tuberosity. A common motion resulting in such a fracture is to flex the hip too far (such as by twisting the upper body) while the leg is fully straightened. This frequently occurs in gymnastics and in football where simultaneous hip and leg movements are crucial. Track athletes such as hurdlers, jumpers and runners can also sustain the injury.

Age

An important factor is the age of the sportsperson. The apophysis is part of the ischial tuberosity and the part which generally allows the avulsion fracture to take place. When the relatively weak apophysis eventually becomes harder bone, the incidence of these fractures is greatly reduced. It is usually strengthened in this way at the end of adolescence, and so it is people aged 15 to 18 who are most affected by these fractures. However a significant number of fractures still occur in people up to the age of 25. Beyond this age, symptoms similar to an ischial tuberosity fracture are more likely to point to a hamstring soft tissue injury.

Medical Treatment

Consult a doctor who will take an x-ray and other relevant tests such as a CT scan. Depending on the severity of the fracture the doctor will recommend non-surgical or surgical treatment. Surgery is particularly probable if the injury has affected the sciatic nerve.

Non-surgical treatment will involve a period of rest, being careful not to perform any activities that could further worsen the injury. You should ice the area a few times per day in order to relieve pain and swelling symptoms, and anti-inflammatory pain medication can also be helpful. When the pain has diminished a program of physical therapy will seek to gradually restore full movement and strength to the hips and legs.

However, sometimes this treatment fails to fix the bone. This can result in ongoing pain and problems for athletes due to a lack of restored motion. In this case surgery is the best option, and generally athletes are advised to undergo surgery if other treatment fails for longer than a month.

For more details please contact:

Dr. Prateek Gupta (Senior Surgeon)

Arthroscopy Surgery Clinic

C2/5 Safdarjung Development Area (SDA),

Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016

INDIA

Telephones: +91 9810852876, +91 11 26517776

24 x 7 Helpline & Appointment: +91 9810633876

Email: sportsmedicinedelhi@yahoo.com,

sportsmedicineclinics@gmail.com

Website: http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com/arthroscopy.htm,

http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com,

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Auricular Haematoma

Auricular haematoma is a common injury sustained by participants in contact sports, especially those with repeated direct facial contact such as wrestling, boxing or martial arts. It involves bleeding from the great auricular artery of the ear due to the anterior auricular perichondrium pulling away from the cartilage, usually tearing blood vessels and causing a haematoma between skin and cartilage on the inner side of the ear. Possible damage from the injury is often known as cauliflower ear due to the swollen appearance that can result from an auricular haematoma that has become infected.

Symptoms of Auricular Haematoma

Notable inflammation on the ear that arises within a week after the suspected cause of the injury. Direct trauma to the ear regularly precedes this swelling. The inflammation on the ear may have a bluish tint and blood can sometimes be present. An appearance of 'cauliflower ear' may begin to develop as a result, with new and malformed cartilage forming on the ear and swelling greatly.

Causes of Auricular Haematoma

The primary cause is a punch or other blow directly to the ear area, as encountered in boxing, wrestling and martial arts. Headgear can protect against such traumas, but many variations of these sports or individual instructors do not permit protective headgear to be worn at all times, thus the risk of the injury is heightened. A rare and hard blow from a bat, stick or sporting projectile can also lead to the condition. In some cases an auricular haematoma appears to arise spontaneously without a definitive cause, though this is thought to be a rarer occurrence.

Medical Treatment for Auricular Haematoma

It is crucial to see a doctor as soon as possible after the injury is sustained; this maximises the chances of successful treatment and healing. In general the injury should not go unexamined for more than seven days, as this can increase the condition's severity or the likelihood of complications. The doctor will recommend an appropriate procedure, which mostly involves draining the affected area with a needle and subsequent compression of the ear. The ear will be dressed to ensure better recovery and less chance of reoccurrence. It might also be necessary to fix damaged tissues using another method.

If the ear has taken on the swollen appearance of 'cauliflower ear,' you will want to talk to your doctor about your options and the likelihood of recovery. Hearing loss can occur and unfortunately this can often be impossible to fully reverse. There are some cosmetic procedures available that can help to improve the look of the ear.

Next Stages

After the procedure to drain the auricular haematoma, the doctor will need to examine your ear every day for a number of days. This acts to minimise the chances of an instant repeat of the injury. Antibiotics are often prescribed, whereas pain medications (especially aspirin and anti-inflammatory medications) should be avoided for a while as they may provoke more bleeding. From this point your injury may be healed, though in some instances the haematoma arises again, the ear is struck by infection, or the previously discussed cauliflower ear develops. In these cases the doctor will discuss more treatment with you.

For more details please contact:

Dr. Prateek Gupta (Senior Surgeon)

Arthroscopy Surgery Clinic

C2/5 Safdarjung Development Area (SDA),

Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016

INDIA

Telephones: +91 9810852876, +91 11 26517776

24 x 7 Helpline & Appointment: +91 9810633876

Email: sportsmedicinedelhi@yahoo.com,

sportsmedicineclinics@gmail.com

Website: http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com/arthroscopy.htm,

http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com,

http://www.arthroscopysurgeryindia.com

Articular Cartilage Damage

The articular cartilage (also known as hyaline cartilage) is a firm and smooth substance on the surfaces of touching bones, helping to facilitate easy joint movement. Injury to such cartilage often arises in the knees, and can take a long time to recover due to the fact that the articular cartilage does not receive its own blood supply. Untreated, the condition can lead to early onset of osteoarthritis.

Symptoms

Prolonged pain in and around the knee joint, which may stop and start especially with movement. The knee might regularly lock in position and feel unmoveable. A lesser (but still valid) form of this symptom would be a slowness or choppiness in knee motion. There can also be significant noises emanating from the knee joint during movement, such as loud clicking. The knee will generally become swollen and might feel tender.

Causes

In sports and other activities, the articular cartilage can become damaged as a result of blunt trauma to the knee joint. This can include a forceful strike from a kicking leg or even a fast-moving cricket ball, and is especially likely to be caused by a rugby tackle or similar impact. Such blows can also provoke patellar injuries and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. These will be detected by a doctor and are common injuries occurring simultaneously with articular cartilage damage. Unnatural twisting movements might also lead to such injuries.

The severity of the cartilage injury will range from Grade 1 to Grade 4, with Grade 4 involving significant bone damage where Grade 1 involves very little. In some cases a Grade 4 condition can ultimately cause further major injuries such as a fracture to the subchondral bone.

Medical Treatment

If you suspect this injury, consult a medical professional. They will diagnose the condition and its severity, and will be able to assess whether there is any additional damage to the knee or surrounding areas. Sometimes an x-ray might be necessary. A doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory pain medication (such as ibuprofen) in order to reduce the symptoms. Severe injuries can require surgery, particularly if a fracture is involved.

Self-Treatment and Rehabilitation

When surgery is unnecessary (or after surgery is completed), the doctor will recommend a program of rest for a number of weeks and a gradual increase in relevant exercise thereafter. During the rest period, depending on the injury and specific instructions it can be beneficial to keep the joint gently moving on occasion throughout the day; this helps to combat stiffness and possible atrophy. You should ice the area 2 to 3 times per day to reduce pain and swelling, and also try heat pads or warm showers. Talk to a physical therapist about suitable training and do not return to regular activity without a professional's approval.

Recovery time varies depending on the injury; 2 months is a good indicat

For more details please contact:

Dr. Prateek Gupta (Senior Surgeon)

Arthroscopy Surgery Clinic

C2/5 Safdarjung Development Area (SDA),

Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016

INDIA

Telephones: +91 9810852876, +91 11 26517776

24 x 7 Helpline & Appointment: +91 9810633876

Email: sportsmedicinedelhi@yahoo.com,

sportsmedicineclinics@gmail.com

Website: http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com/arthroscopy.htm,

http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com,

http://www.arthroscopysurgeryindia.com

Anterior Knee Pain

One of the most common sports injuries, anterior knee pain is typified by pain in and around the front of the knee.

Symptoms

Pain below and on the sides of the kneecap. The pain is generally aggravated by activity and reduced by relaxation. There may be a grinding noise when you bend the knee, and training and sport become extremely difficult to pursue. The pain may worsen until it persists even when you are doing no activity.

Causes

There are many possible causes of anterior knee pain. Often the kneecap has been pulled in an unnatural manner that affects the knee's alignment with the relevant muscles. Weakened quadriceps can prevent smooth progress of the kneecap, as can overpronation – the feet rolling excessively inwards.

Other things to look for include a recent alteration in training regime and the exacerbation of a previous knee injury. One of the most widespread causes in terms of previous injuries is patellofemoral pain syndrome, characterised by pain around the kneecap which flares up while using stairs, running, and when sitting for extended periods. It is thought to be due to a problem resulting from the way the kneecap interacts with the femur.

Also associated with anterior knee pain is patellar tendinopathy (or Jumper's Knee), involving tearing of the patella tendon. Arthritis and cartilage injury can also both contribute to the condition.

Initial Treatment

Rest the joint by taking a break from training or by performing only exercise that requires far less impact on the knees, such as swimming. Use ice on your knees after working out. Attempt a program of physical therapy in order to improve your muscles. Carry out safe strengthening exercises for important muscles associated with the knees: your quadriceps, hamstring, and hip adductor. Do not put unnecessary strain on the joint by taking part in impact-heavy activities until you can do so without pain. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen can help but you should consult a doctor beforehand.

Seeking Medical Advice

If the pain persists for more than 2 to 3 weeks while resting the joint, it is wise to contact your doctor. They will conduct a physical examination of the knee and may perform tests to rule out potential structural damage to connective tissue or the knee itself. Ask about relevant exercise programs and also suitable footwear, as wearing sports trainers or particular shoe inserts can help to curb knee pain.

Prevention

Try not to suddenly change your exercise regime in a way that places unexpected strain on your knees; always introduce new elements gradually. Warming up and stretching properly is essential both before and after exercise. Persistent stretching of the aforementioned important muscles like quads 2 to 3 times a day should strengthen them and help to ensure that this pain does not return. Seek out shoes that correct overpronation. If you go running, attempt to stay on flatter roads and avoid an overload of running downhill. Include a portion of rest in your training or sports routine.

For more details please contact:

Dr. Prateek Gupta (Senior Surgeon)

Arthroscopy Surgery Clinic

C2/5 Safdarjung Development Area (SDA),

Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016

INDIA

Telephones: +91 9810852876, +91 11 26517776

24 x 7 Helpline & Appointment: +91 9810633876

Email: sportsmedicinedelhi@yahoo.com,

sportsmedicineclinics@gmail.com

Website: http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com/arthroscopy.htm,

http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com,

http://www.arthroscopysurgeryindia.com

Acromioclavicular Joint Injury

Acromioclavicular Joint Injury

Also known as shoulder separation, an acromioclavicular joint injury occurs at the top of the shoulder where the clavicle meets the acromion (in the shoulder blade). There are three important ligaments supporting the joint, and damage to these can lead to separation of the bones in the joint.

Symptoms

The primary symptom is pain particular to the joint, over the extremity of the collar bone, though you may initially experience pain in the whole shoulder area. The pain will also be present when you move the shoulder, and lifting the affected arm is likely to be considerably painful. This is regularly accompanied by inflammation or swelling, and in severe cases you might be able to identify a bump at the site of shoulder separation.

Grades of Injury

The severity of the injury may be graded from 1 to 6. Grade 1 involves a strain or small tear to the acromioclavicular ligaments (AC), and is relatively minor, usually healing in days or weeks. In Grade 2 injuries a full rupture of the AC ligaments occurs, in addition to a smaller tear or sprain in the coracoclavicular ligaments (CC). Both the AC and CC ligaments suffer significant tears in a Grade 3 injury, and can take a number of weeks or months to recover.

Grades 4, 5 and 6 go beyond these serious ruptures and the grading is concerned with the severity of shoulder displacement. These injuries will often require surgery.

Causes

Injuries of this kind are mostly related to an abrupt event like a fall or another strike to the shoulder, sometimes involving hyperextension of the joint beyond its limits. In sport this can result from a violent blow during contact sports like rugby, ice hockey or football, or a fall from a horse or bicycle.

Medical Attention

Consult a medical professional who will diagnose the injury and may place the shoulder in a sling to prevent unnecessary motion or strain. This may also be essential in letting the joint heal in the correct position. They can also prescribe anti-inflammatory medication if required, and provide support and advice for rehabilitation. If your injury falls in Grades 4 to 6 then it is likely they will recommend surgery.

Treatment

It is crucial to rest the joint properly; this means ceasing all sports and activities that could place strain on the shoulder, possibly including a temporary alteration of minor actions like your sleeping position and reaching for objects. You should ice the joint, and also maintain the shoulder's mobility when the pain has lessened, undertaking relevant gentle stretches and strengthening exercises to increase flexibility. A doctor or physical therapist will be able to help in constructing a suitable program; however you should cease these exercises and seek additional medical treatment if during them you feel sharp pain.

Prevention

Regular stretching and strengthening of the shoulder muscles will help to keep this injury at bay. It is also important to return to full activity only at the right time, when you have recovered full strength and motion in your arm, and to be careful with the amount of strain placed upon the shoulder.

For more details please contact:

Dr. Prateek Gupta (Senior Surgeon)

Arthroscopy Surgery Clinic

C2/5 Safdarjung Development Area (SDA),

Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110016

INDIA

Telephones: +91 9810852876, +91 11 26517776

24 x 7 Helpline & Appointment: +91 9810633876

Email: sportsmedicinedelhi@yahoo.com,

sportsmedicineclinics@gmail.com

Website: http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com/arthroscopy.htm,

http://www.sportsmedicineclinicdelhi.com,

http://www.arthroscopysurgeryindia.com